A new scientific study shows that dogs have positive effects on human mental health, and that these effects may be partly linked to the exchange of microorganisms between a person and their pet, in a phenomenon that appears to be a “microbial bridge” enhancing empathy and positive social behavior.
The researchers, who published their findings in the journal “iScience,” discovered that owning dogs leads to an increase in microbes on their owners’ bodies, some of which are linked to mental health.
Previous studies have shown that people who grew up with dogs from childhood and continued to own them later in life scored higher on measures of empathy and the desire to provide social support.
Changes in the Oral Microbiome
The new study analyzed samples of the oral microbiome from 13-year-old children, half of whom owned dogs and the other half had no pets. The microbiome refers to the millions of microorganisms that live on or inside the human body, aiding in wound healing, strengthening immunity, and enhancing the effectiveness of medications.
While microbial diversity remained similar in both groups, the microbial structure itself showed clear differences, most notably an increase in specific oral bacteria among dog owners, indicating a direct influence of having a dog in the home.
Increased Sociability
To confirm the behavioral impact, researchers transplanted the microbiome from teenagers who owned dogs into the intestines of mice. The result was that these mice spent more time approaching their peers and exhibited what scientists described as “positive social behavior” to a higher degree compared to other mice.
It was noted that what most interested the research team was the discovery of bacteria in the microbiome of children who own dogs that support positive social behavior and empathy.
Although the findings require further study, researchers suggest that having a dog in the home can alter the microbiome in ways that support mental health, increase feelings of empathy, and enhance positive social behavior.
